Chocolate is toxic to dogs (and many other animals) primarily because of its theobromine content. Theobromine is an alkaloid chemical primarily found in the beans of the cacao plant. It’s structurally similar to caffeine and belongs to the class of organic compounds called xanthines. Dogs metabolize theobromine much more slowly than humans. While theobromine might cause some mild symptoms in humans (if consumed in very high quantities), the slower metabolism in dogs means that theobromine remains in their systems for longer, leading to increased toxicity.

Depending on the amount and type of chocolate consumed (dark, especially baking chocolate, has more theobromine than milk chocolate), and the size of the dog they might experience a variety of symptoms such as:

– Vomiting
– Diarrhea
– Restlessness
– Rapid breathing
– Increased heart rate
– Seizures
– Muscle rigidity
– Increased thirst and urination
– Cardiac failure

If a dog consumes chocolate, it’s essential to assess the situation quickly.

1. Identify the type and amount of chocolate ingested.
2. Call a veterinarian or emergency pet poison hotline immediately.
3. Induce vomiting, either at home or at your vets. if the chocolate was recently ingested or administer activated charcoal to prevent further absorption of the theobromine.
4. In severe cases, the dog might need hospitalization, intravenous fluids, and other supportive treatments.

In summary, the primary danger of chocolate to dogs is theobromine, which they metabolize slower than humans. Making it essential for pet owners to keep chocolate away from their dogs and seek veterinary care if ingestion occurs.

Keeping Pets Safe During Halloween

While Halloween is all fun and games for humans, it can be overwhelming for pets.  Here are some considerations for happy pet Halloween-ing –

**Costumes:** If dressing up your pet, make sure their costume doesn’t restrict movement, vision, or breathing. They should also be comfortable and safe.

**Stress:** The continuous doorbell ringing and people in costumes can stress pets. Consider setting up a quiet room for them.

**Trick-or-Treat Dangers:** Chocolate and candy, especially those containing xylitol, can be deadly for pets. See below for just how chocolate and xylitol cause issues in your dog’s body. 

**Ensure treats are out of their reach.

This applies to pretty much any holiday gathering, or party scenario, so keep it in your pocket for those occasions to support an enjoyable event for both people and pets 😉